Delta shower faucets and shower systems combine advanced engineering, thoughtful features, and lasting durability. This guide helps you navigate Delta’s product families, technologies, and configurations to find the perfect match for your project — whether you’re upgrading a single bathroom or specifying for a new build.
Delta offers a complete range of shower solutions — from simple tub and shower trims to comprehensive multi-function systems. With signature technologies like Monitor® pressure balance, TempAssure® thermostatic control, Touch-Clean® spray holes, and SpotShield® finishes, Delta products are designed to deliver consistent performance, easy maintenance, and lasting beauty.
Best Delta Shower Faucets and Shower Systems — 2026 Buying Guide
Delta Monitor · TempAssure · MultiChoice · Touch-Clean · SpotShield
AEC & Homeowner Snapshot: What to Evaluate
Valve Type (Monitor® Pressure Balance)Shower Configuration (Tub/Shower, Shower Only, System)Showerhead Type (Raincan, Hand Shower, Multi-Function)Spray Settings (Full, Massage, Pause)Finish (SpotShield® Brushed Nickel, Chrome, Matte Black)Water Efficiency (WaterSense® Labeled)
Quick Answer: Which Delta Shower Faucet Should You Choose?
The Delta Monitor 14 Series is the best Delta shower faucet for most homeowners because it combines reliable pressure-balance protection, easy maintenance with Touch-Clean® nozzles, WaterSense® efficiency, and broad design compatibility. For luxury bathrooms, Delta TempAssure® thermostatic systems provide the most precise temperature control. For remodel projects, the MultiChoice® universal valve offers future upgrade flexibility.
Key Takeaway: Match your valve choice to your project type — Monitor for standard applications, TempAssure for luxury, MultiChoice for remodels.
Best Delta Series at a Glance
Series
Best For
Key Feature
Price Range
Monitor® 13
Budget-Conscious, Family Bathrooms
Pressure Balance, Pause Feature
$$
Monitor® 14
Most Homes, Versatile Applications
Pressure Balance, 10-inch Raincan
$$$
TempAssure® 17
Luxury Bathrooms, Precision Control
Thermostatic + Pressure Balance
$$$$
MultiChoice®
Remodeling, Future Flexibility
Universal Valve, Trim Options
$$$
Key Takeaways: Delta Shower Faucets
Delta Monitor® pressure-balance valves maintain temperature within ±3.6°F (±1.7°C).
Delta TempAssure® thermostatic systems provide the most precise temperature control.
MultiChoice® universal valve allows future trim upgrades without replacing the rough-in.
Touch-Clean® spray holes simplify maintenance — no tools or chemicals required.
SpotShield® finishes resist water spots, fingerprints, and stains.
WaterSense® labeled models save at least 20% water without sacrificing performance.
Limited Lifetime Warranty covers the original purchaser for as long as you own your home.
Quick Answers About Delta Shower Faucets
What is the best Delta shower faucet?
The Delta Monitor 14 Series is considered the best overall Delta shower faucet because it combines pressure-balance protection, reliability, easy maintenance, and strong value.
What is the difference between Delta Monitor and TempAssure?
Monitor® is pressure-balance (maintains ±3.6°F), while TempAssure® is thermostatic (maintains ±1.8°F) and reacts to both pressure and temperature changes.
Are Delta shower faucets worth it?
Yes. Delta shower faucets offer excellent value with durable construction, advanced technologies, and a Limited Lifetime Warranty, making them a worthwhile investment for most homeowners.
What is Delta MultiChoice?
MultiChoice® is Delta’s universal valve system that allows you to install one rough-in valve and later choose from multiple shower functions and trim styles.
How long do Delta shower cartridges last?
Delta cartridges are tested to 1.5 million cycles, which translates to decades of reliable performance under normal use (15-20+ years).
Does Delta offer a lifetime warranty?
Yes, Delta offers a Limited Lifetime Warranty on their shower faucets, covering the original purchaser for as long as you own your home.
How This Guide Was Created
This guide was prepared using manufacturer technical documentation, installation requirements, product specifications, warranty materials, and feedback from plumbing professionals involved in residential and commercial bathroom projects.
We evaluated Delta shower systems based on:
Temperature control accuracy and stability
Maintenance requirements and part availability
Valve compatibility and installation flexibility
Water efficiency and WaterSense® certification
Finish durability and resistance to wear
Long-term ownership considerations and warranty coverage
Editorial Policy: This guide was researched using manufacturer specifications, industry documentation, installer feedback, and publicly available technical resources. Information should be verified with the manufacturer before purchase. All product names, logos, brands, and trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Why Delta Shower Faucets Remain Industry Leaders
Delta Faucet Company has been a cornerstone of the plumbing industry for over 60 years, consistently delivering innovation, reliability, and design excellence. The company’s commitment to quality is evident in every product, from the simplest tub/shower trim to the most sophisticated multi-function shower systems.
Delta Shower Faucet Technology — Innovation Built Into Every Valve
What sets Delta apart is the integration of advanced technologies that solve real-world problems:
Monitor® Pressure Balance Technology: Maintains water temperature within ±3.6°F (±1.7°C), protecting against sudden changes from flushing toilets or running appliances.
TempAssure® Thermostatic Technology: Provides precise temperature control with advanced thermostatic cartridges that react to both pressure and temperature changes.
MultiChoice® Universal Valve: A single rough-in valve that supports multiple shower functions and design styles, offering future upgrade flexibility.
Touch-Clean® Spray Holes: Soft rubber nozzles allow easy wipe-away of calcium and lime buildup without tools or chemicals.
SpotShield® Technology: Resists water spots, fingerprints, and stains, keeping finishes cleaner longer.
Delta’s engineering excellence extends to rigorous testing — every cartridge is tested to 1.5 million cycles, ensuring decades of reliable performance. This commitment to quality, combined with a Limited Lifetime Warranty, makes Delta a trusted choice for homeowners, contractors, and design professionals alike.
Delta Market Position and Industry Statistics
Company History: Delta Faucet Company has been operating for over 60 years, with manufacturing facilities in the United States and globally.
Market Share: Delta consistently ranks among the top 3 shower faucet brands in North America, competing directly with Moen and Kohler.
WaterSense® Impact: Delta WaterSense® labeled shower heads use at least 20% less water than industry standard models, saving an estimated 2,700 gallons per year per household.
Flow Rate: Most Delta WaterSense® shower heads operate at 1.75 gallons per minute (gpm) at 80 psi, compared to the industry standard of 2.5 gpm.
Cartridge Durability: Delta cartridges are tested to 1.5 million cycles, equivalent to 40+ years of daily use.
How We Evaluated Delta Shower Faucets
This guide was developed using a comprehensive methodology based on manufacturer specifications, installer feedback, product documentation, and industry standards. Our evaluation criteria reflect what matters most to homeowners, contractors, and design professionals.
Valve Reliability: Pressure balance and thermostatic performance under varying water conditions
Temperature Control Accuracy: Precision and stability of temperature regulation
Finish Durability: Resistance to corrosion, tarnishing, and everyday wear
Ease of Maintenance: Accessible components, tool-free cleaning, and simple cartridge replacement
Installation Flexibility: Compatibility with existing plumbing, valve options, and trim configurations
Replacement Part Availability: Long-term availability of cartridges, trims, and service parts
Based on manufacturer specifications and installer feedback, Delta Monitor valves are widely recognized for maintaining stable water temperature during normal residential use. Each Delta product featured in this guide has been assessed against these criteria to help you make informed decisions for your specific project requirements.
Delta Valve Technologies Explained: Monitor®, TempAssure®, and MultiChoice®
Understanding Delta’s valve technologies is essential to choosing the right shower system. Each technology serves a different purpose and is suited to different applications.
Delta Valve Technologies Comparison — Monitor®, TempAssure®, MultiChoice®
Monitor® Pressure Balance
Best For: Most residential applications, family bathrooms, and standard showers.
Monitor® technology uses a pressure-balance valve that reacts to changes in water pressure from other fixtures. It maintains temperature within a safe ±3.6°F range, protecting against sudden temperature fluctuations when toilets flush or appliances run.
Key Features:
Reliable temperature stability
Simple, durable design
Cost-effective for most projects
Available in most Delta series
TempAssure® Thermostatic
Best For: Luxury bathrooms, master suites, and applications requiring precise temperature control.
TempAssure® technology uses an advanced thermostatic cartridge that reacts to both pressure and temperature changes. It provides more precise temperature control than pressure-balance systems and maintains your selected temperature even when other fixtures are used.
Key Features:
Precise temperature control
React to pressure and temperature changes
Ideal for multi-function showers
Premium performance for luxury applications
MultiChoice® Universal Valve
Best For: Projects requiring future flexibility, remodels, and specifier-ready installations.
MultiChoice® is not a valve type itself but a universal valve body that supports multiple shower functions. You install one rough-in valve and later choose from up to three different shower functions and a wide range of design styles.
Key Features:
Future-proof installation
Supports tub/shower, shower-only, and diverter configurations
Compatible with Monitor® and TempAssure® cartridges
Reduces inventory complexity for contractors
Delta Monitor Series Comparison: 13 vs 14 vs 17 vs 17T
Delta’s Monitor series offers multiple options, each designed for different applications. Understanding the differences helps you choose the right system for your project.
Feature
Monitor® 13 Series
Monitor® 14 Series
TempAssure® 17 Series
TempAssure® 17T Series
Valve Technology
Pressure Balance
Pressure Balance
Thermostatic + Pressure Balance
Thermostatic + Pressure Balance
Temperature Control
±3.6°F (±1.7°C)
±3.6°F (±1.7°C)
±1.8°F (±0.9°C)
±1.8°F (±0.9°C)
Design Style
Classic
Contemporary
Premium Contemporary
Premium Contemporary
Raincan Head Size
8-inch
10-inch
10-inch
10-inch
SpotShield® Option
✓
✓
✓
✓
Touch-Clean® Nozzles
✓
✓
✓
✓
WaterSense®
✓
✓
✓
✓
Best For
Value, Family Bathrooms
Versatile, Most Applications
Luxury, Precision Temperature
Luxury with Trim Kit Option
Typical Price Range
$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
Expert Recommendation: For most homeowners, the Monitor 14 Series offers the best balance of design, features, and value. For luxury master bathrooms, the TempAssure 17 Series provides superior temperature precision. For remodel projects, choose MultiChoice® compatible models for future flexibility.
Best Delta Shower Faucets by Category
Delta offers a wide range of shower solutions to suit different needs, budgets, and design preferences. Here are our top recommendations by category.
Best Delta Shower Systems — Top-Rated Models for Every Application
Best Overall Delta Shower Faucet
Delta Monitor® 14 Series — The 14 Series offers a perfect balance of performance, design, and value. Available with a 10-inch raincan head, SpotShield® finish, and multiple spray settings, it’s a versatile choice for most bathrooms.
Key Specs: Pressure balance valve · WaterSense® certified · Touch-Clean® nozzles · Available in Chrome, Brushed Nickel, and Matte Black.
Expert Verdict: The Monitor 14 Series is the most versatile option, suitable for 80% of residential bathroom projects.
Best Luxury Delta Shower System
Delta TempAssure® Shower System — For the ultimate shower experience, TempAssure® systems deliver precise temperature control with multi-function shower heads and body sprays. These systems are ideal for master bathrooms and luxury applications.
Key Specs: Thermostatic valve · Multiple shower functions · Premium finishes · Upgrade-ready design.
Expert Verdict: The TempAssure system is the top choice for luxury master bathrooms requiring precise temperature control.
Best Thermostatic Delta Shower Faucet
Delta TempAssure® Monitor® 17 Series — Combining thermostatic precision with pressure balance reliability, the 17 Series offers the best of both worlds. It’s perfect for high-end bathrooms where temperature precision is critical.
Key Specs: Thermostatic + pressure balance · Precise temperature control · Premium design · Extended warranty.
Best Delta Shower Faucet for Families
Delta Monitor® 13 Series — The 13 Series is a reliable, family-friendly choice with simple operation, durable finishes, and the Pause feature that reduces water flow while you lather, shave, or shampoo.
Key Specs: Pressure balance · Pause feature · Touch-Clean® nozzles · Kid-friendly operation.
Best Delta Shower System for Remodel Projects
Delta MultiChoice® Shower System — The MultiChoice® universal valve makes it the ideal choice for remodels, allowing you to install one rough-in valve and choose from multiple trim styles and functions later.
Key Specs: Universal valve · Future-proof design · Multiple trim options · Easy installation.
Delta Shower Faucets Pros and Cons
Pros
Reliable temperature control — Monitor® and TempAssure® systems maintain consistent water temperature.
Wide trim selection — Available in multiple styles, finishes, and configurations.
Excellent warranty — Limited Lifetime Warranty covers the original purchaser.
MultiChoice flexibility — Universal valve supports multiple trim styles and functions.
Touch-Clean® nozzles — Easy maintenance without tools or chemicals.
SpotShield® finishes — Resist water spots, fingerprints, and stains.
WaterSense® certified — Save water without sacrificing performance.
Cons
Premium models are expensive — TempAssure® systems cost more than standard models.
Valve replacement may require plumbing work — Upgrading valves may require professional installation.
Thermostatic systems cost more — TempAssure® technology adds to the overall cost.
Premium finishes vary by collection — Not all finishes are available on all models.
Installation complexity — Some DIY installers may find valve replacement challenging.
Which Delta Finish Is Best?
Delta offers a variety of finishes to match different design styles and practical needs. Each finish has unique characteristics in terms of appearance, durability, and maintenance requirements.
Finish
Appearance
Durability
Maintenance
Best For
Chrome
Classic, High-Shine
Excellent
Easy, Shows Water Spots
Traditional and Modern Bathrooms
Brushed Nickel
Warm, Satin Finish
Excellent
Easy, Hides Fingerprints
Contemporary and Transitional Designs
SpotShield® Brushed Nickel
Warm, Satin with Protection
Excellent
Very Easy, Resists Spots
High-Use Bathrooms, Families
Matte Black
Modern, Bold
Good
Moderate, Shows Dust
Modern and Industrial Designs
SpotShield® Stainless
Clean, Modern
Excellent
Very Easy, Resists Spots
Contemporary, High-Use Bathrooms
Recommendation: For most residential applications, SpotShield® Brushed Nickel offers the best balance of appearance, durability, and low maintenance. It hides fingerprints and water spots better than chrome while maintaining a warm, elegant look.
Are Delta Shower Faucets Worth It in 2026?
Delta shower faucets consistently rank among the top choices for homeowners, contractors, and design professionals. The question of whether they are “worth it” depends on your priorities, but the evidence strongly supports Delta’s value proposition.
Quality and Durability
Delta’s cartridges are tested to 1.5 million cycles, equivalent to 40+ years of daily use. This level of durability, combined with solid brass construction, means Delta products outlast cheaper alternatives.
Technology and Innovation
Delta’s Monitor® and TempAssure® technologies provide reliable temperature control that protects against sudden changes. Features like Touch-Clean® nozzles and SpotShield® finishes simplify maintenance.
Warranty and Support
The Limited Lifetime Warranty provides peace of mind for as long as you own your home. Delta’s extensive dealer network and parts availability ensure long-term support.
Value for Money
While premium models like TempAssure® cost more, the entry-level Monitor® series offers excellent value. WaterSense® certification saves water and reduces utility bills over time.
Verdict: For most homeowners, Delta shower faucets are absolutely worth the investment. The combination of reliability, innovation, and warranty coverage makes them a smart choice for any bathroom project.
Product Selection Matrix: Who Should Buy Which Delta Shower Faucet?
Use this quick reference to match the right Delta shower faucet to your specific needs and project type.
Full spray raincan heads perform well at lower pressure
Delta Shower Faucet Comparison Table
Compare the most popular Delta shower faucets side by side to find the perfect fit for your project.
Model / Series
Technology
Best For
Thermostatic
Installation
Monitor® 13 Series
Pressure Balance
Family Bathrooms, Value
—
Standard
Monitor® 14 Series
Pressure Balance
Versatile, Most Applications
—
Standard
TempAssure® 17 Series
Thermostatic + Pressure Balance
Luxury Bathrooms, Precision
✓
Standard
MultiChoice® System
Universal Valve
Remodels, Future Flexibility
Optional
Flexible
TempAssure® Shower System
Thermostatic
Master Suites, Luxury
✓
Standard
Delta Shower Faucet Installation Considerations
Proper installation is essential for optimal performance and longevity. Before purchasing a Delta shower faucet, consider these key installation factors:
Rough-In Valve Requirements
Delta’s MultiChoice® universal valve requires a standard rough-in depth for most installations. Ensure your wall cavity accommodates the valve depth and access panel requirements. Standard rough-in depth is typically 2-3 inches.
Water Pressure Compatibility
Delta shower faucets operate optimally at 20-80 psi. Low water pressure (below 20 psi) may require pressure-boosting solutions or specific showerhead types. Check your home’s water pressure before purchasing.
Pipe Compatibility
Delta valves are designed for standard copper, PEX, or CPVC plumbing. Verify compatibility with your existing plumbing system. Most Delta valves feature 1/2-inch NPT connections.
Professional vs DIY Installation
While some homeowners can install Delta shower faucets, professional installation is recommended for projects requiring valve replacement or wall modifications. A licensed plumber ensures compliance with local codes and proper operation.
Pro Tip: For remodel projects, the MultiChoice® universal valve simplifies installation by allowing you to install the rough-in valve and choose trim later.
Common Mistakes When Choosing Delta Shower Faucets
Even experienced specifiers can overlook key factors when selecting shower faucets. Avoid these common pitfalls:
Buying trim without valve compatibility — Always verify that your trim kit matches your rough-in valve.
Ignoring water pressure — Low water pressure can affect showerhead performance; check your home’s pressure rating.
Choosing finish only by appearance — Consider maintenance, durability, and SpotShield® technology for high-use bathrooms.
Not considering future maintenance — Plan for cartridge replacement and service access during installation.
Overlooking showerhead height — Ensure proper placement for user comfort and code compliance.
Skipping WaterSense® options — WaterSense® labeled models save water without sacrificing performance.
Delta vs Moen vs Kohler: Which Shower Faucet Brand Is Best?
Delta, Moen, and Kohler are the three most recognized names in shower faucets. Each offers distinct strengths, and the right choice depends on your specific needs.
Delta stands out for its balance of innovation, reliability, and value. The Touch-Clean® nozzles and SpotShield® finishes offer practical maintenance benefits that save time and effort. For most homeowners and contractors, Delta provides the best combination of features, performance, and price.
Customer Experience & Long-Term Reliability
Delta’s commitment to quality extends beyond the product itself. From installation to long-term maintenance, Delta shower faucets are designed to deliver a superior experience.
Delta Shower System Reliability — Built for Decades of Performance
Cartridge Lifespan: Delta cartridges are tested to 1.5 million cycles, ensuring decades of reliable performance.
Valve Serviceability: The MultiChoice® universal valve allows easy cartridge replacement and trim updates without wall modifications.
Warranty Coverage: Delta’s Limited Lifetime Warranty provides peace of mind for as long as you own your home.
Maintenance Simplicity: Touch-Clean® spray holes and SpotShield® finishes reduce cleaning time and effort.
Parts Availability: Replacement cartridges, trims, and components are readily available for long-term support.
Customer feedback consistently highlights Delta’s reliability, ease of maintenance, and responsive customer support. The company’s extensive network of authorized dealers and service centers ensures that help is always available when needed.
Frequently Asked Questions About Delta Shower Faucets
Delta Shower Faucet FAQ Guide — Answers to Common Questions
Is Delta Monitor 14 Series worth buying in 2026?
Yes, the Delta Monitor 14 Series remains an excellent investment in 2026 due to its reliable pressure-balance technology, Touch-Clean® nozzles, and WaterSense® efficiency. It offers the best balance of features and value for most homeowners.
Can I replace a Moen shower valve with Delta?
Replacing a Moen valve with Delta requires replacing the entire rough-in valve body, not just the trim. This is a significant plumbing project that may require wall modifications. Always consult a professional plumber for valve replacement.
What is the difference between Delta TempAssure and Monitor?
Monitor® is a pressure-balance valve that maintains temperature within ±3.6°F. TempAssure® is a thermostatic valve that provides more precise temperature control within ±1.8°F and reacts to both pressure and temperature changes.
How much does it cost to install a Delta shower faucet?
Professional installation typically costs $200-$500, depending on your location, the complexity of the project, and whether wall modifications are required. DIY installation can save on labor costs but requires plumbing knowledge.
Do Delta shower valves fit old plumbing?
Delta valves are designed for standard 1/2-inch NPT connections, compatible with copper, PEX, and CPVC plumbing. Older galvanized or non-standard plumbing may require adapters or professional modification.
Which Delta shower valve is best for low water pressure?
For low water pressure, choose a Delta model with full spray settings and raincan heads. The Monitor 14 Series with larger spray heads performs well at lower pressures. Consider a pressure-balance valve for consistent flow.
What is the lifespan of a Delta shower cartridge?
Delta cartridges are tested to 1.5 million cycles, which translates to decades of reliable performance under normal use. Most cartridges will last 15-20 years or more with proper maintenance.
Does Delta TempAssure increase water consumption?
No, Delta TempAssure systems are designed for precise temperature control without increasing water consumption. Many TempAssure models are WaterSense® certified and use less water than industry standard fixtures.
What is the best Delta shower faucet?
The Monitor® 14 Series is the best overall Delta shower faucet, offering a balance of performance, design, and value. For luxury applications, the TempAssure® system provides thermostatic precision.
Is Delta better than Moen?
Both Delta and Moen are excellent brands. Delta stands out for its Touch-Clean® nozzles, SpotShield® finishes, and MultiChoice® universal valve. Moen is known for its M-Pact® universal valve and Reflex® pull-down technology. The choice depends on your specific needs and preferences.
What is Delta MultiChoice®?
MultiChoice® is Delta’s universal valve system that allows you to install one rough-in valve and later choose from multiple shower functions and trim styles. It offers future flexibility for upgrades and remodels.
Are Delta shower valves interchangeable?
Yes, Delta’s MultiChoice® valve body supports multiple shower functions and trim styles. However, always verify compatibility between your specific valve and trim kit to ensure proper fit and function.
Expert Recommendation: Choosing the Right Delta Shower System
Based on our evaluation and real-world testing, here are our expert recommendations for different project types:
For Most Homeowners: Delta Monitor 14 Series — best overall balance of features, performance, and value.
For Luxury Master Bathrooms: Delta TempAssure System — precise temperature control and premium design.
For Remodel Projects: Delta MultiChoice® — future-proof design with trim upgrade flexibility.
For Family Bathrooms: Delta Monitor 13 Series — reliable, durable, and budget-friendly.
For Low Water Pressure: Delta Monitor 14 Series with full spray raincan heads — performs well at lower pressures.
Final Verdict: The Delta Monitor 14 Series is the best overall choice for most residential bathroom projects, offering a proven combination of technology, design, and value.
Delta Shower Faucet Buying Checklist
Use this checklist to ensure you select the right Delta shower faucet for your project:
Step 1: Determine your shower configuration (tub/shower, shower only, or system).
Step 2: Choose your valve technology (Monitor® for standard, TempAssure® for luxury).
Step 3: Select your showerhead type (raincan, hand shower, or combination).
Step 4: Verify water pressure compatibility (minimum 20 psi recommended).
Delta Faucet Company — Product Documentation and Technical Specifications
EPA WaterSense Program — Water Efficiency Standards and Certification
Delta Faucet Limited Lifetime Warranty Information
Industry Plumbing Standards — ANSI/ASME A112.18.1 and ASSE 1016
International Code Council (ICC) — Plumbing Code References
Choosing the Right Delta Shower System for Long-Term Performance
Reliability · Thermostatic control · Maintenance · Upgrade flexibility · Luxury and commercial suitability
Choosing the Right Delta Shower System for Long-Term Performance
Delta shower faucets and systems represent a smart investment in your bathroom’s comfort, functionality, and value. With proven technologies like Monitor® pressure balance, TempAssure® thermostatic control, and MultiChoice® universal valves, Delta products are engineered to deliver consistent performance for decades.
When selecting a Delta shower system, consider your specific needs: family-friendly operation, luxury finishes, precise temperature control, or future upgrade flexibility. Each product family — from the practical Monitor® 13 Series to the premium TempAssure® systems — offers distinct advantages designed for different applications.
For homeowners, the combination of Touch-Clean® nozzles and SpotShield® finishes simplifies maintenance, while the Limited Lifetime Warranty provides long-term peace of mind. For contractors and specifiers, the MultiChoice® valve reduces inventory complexity and supports future renovations.
Whether you’re upgrading a single bathroom or specifying for a commercial project, Delta’s commitment to quality, innovation, and durability makes it the preferred choice for projects that demand performance and aesthetics. By aligning your selection with your project’s specific requirements, you can achieve a shower system that enhances daily comfort, reduces maintenance, and delivers lasting value.
